Luke 3

Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of the region of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,

during the high priesthood of Annas and Caiaphas, the word of God came to John, the son of Zacharias, in the wilderness.

He came into all the region around the Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for remission of sins.

As it is written in the book of the words of Isaiah the prophet, “The voice of one crying in the wilderness, ‘Make ready the way of the Lord. Make his paths straight.

Every valley will be filled. Every mountain and hill will be brought low. The crooked will become straight, and the rough ways smooth.

All flesh will see God’s salvation.’”

He said therefore to the multitudes who went out to be baptized by him, “You offspring of vipers, who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

Therefore produce fruits worthy of repentance, and don’t begin to say among yourselves, ‘We have Abraham for our father;’ for I tell you that God is able to raise up children to Abraham from these stones!

Even now the ax also lies at the root of the trees. Every tree therefore that doesn’t produce good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.”

The multitudes asked him, “What then must we do?”

He answered them, “He who has two coats, let him give to him who has none. He who has food, let him do likewise.”

Tax collectors also came to be baptized, and they said to him, “Teacher, what must we do?”

He said to them, “Collect no more than that which is appointed to you.”

Soldiers also asked him, saying, “What about us? What must we do?” He said to them, “Extort from no one by violence, neither accuse anyone wrongfully. Be content with your wages.”

As the people were in expectation, and all men reasoned in their hearts concerning John, whether perhaps he was the Christ,

John answered them all, “I indeed baptize you with water, but he comes who is mightier than I, the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to loosen. He will baptize you in the Holy Spirit and fire.

His winnowing fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly cleanse his threshing floor, and will gather the wheat into his barn; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”

Then with many other exhortations he preached good news to the people,

but Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias, his brother’s wife, and for all the evil things which Herod had done,

added this also to them all, that he shut up John in prison.

Now when all the people were baptized, Jesus also had been baptized and was praying. The sky was opened,

and the Holy Spirit descended in a bodily form like a dove on him; and a voice came out of the sky, saying “You are my beloved Son. In you I am well pleased.”

Jesus himself, when he began to teach, was about thirty years old, being the son (as was supposed) of Joseph, the son of Heli,

the son of Matthat, the son of Levi, the son of Melchi, the son of Jannai, the son of Joseph,

the son of Mattathias, the son of Amos, the son of Nahum, the son of Esli, the son of Naggai,

the son of Maath, the son of Mattathias, the son of Semein, the son of Joseph, the son of Judah,

the son of Joanan, the son of Rhesa, the son of Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, the son of Neri,

the son of Melchi, the son of Addi, the son of Cosam, the son of Elmodam, the son of Er,

the son of Jose, the son of Eliezer, the son of Jorim, the son of Matthat, the son of Levi,

the son of Simeon, the son of Judah, the son of Joseph, the son of Jonan, the son of Eliakim,

the son of Melea, the son of Menan, the son of Mattatha, the son of Nathan, the son of David,

the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon,

the son of Amminadab, the son of Aram, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah,

the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor,

the son of Serug, the son of Reu, the son of Peleg, the son of Eber, the son of Shelah,

the son of Cainan, the son of Arphaxad, the son of Shem, the son of Noah, the son of Lamech,

the son of Methuselah, the son of Enoch, the son of Jared, the son of Mahalaleel, the son of Cainan,

the son of Enos, the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God.

Chapter overviewAI-generated

Overview.
This chapter introduces the ministry of John the Baptist as the prophesied forerunner of the Messiah, setting the historical and theological stage for the public ministry of Jesus. It emphasizes the call to repentance, the coming judgment, and the superiority of Christ, culminating in Jesus’ baptism and divine appointment as the Son of God, followed by a genealogy that traces his lineage back to Adam and ultimately to God.

Flow.

The chapter opens with a precise historical framing of John’s prophetic mission, aligning divine revelation with the reigns of known rulers and priests.
John preaches repentance, calls for ethical transformation, and warns of coming judgment, citing Isaiah’s prophecy of preparation for the Lord’s way.
When questioned by various groups, John specifies moral obligations that reflect genuine repentance: generosity, honesty, and justice.
John distinguishes his water baptism from the Messiah’s baptism in the Holy Spirit and fire, then is imprisoned by Herod; the narrative transitions to Jesus’ baptism, the descent of the Holy Spirit, and the Father’s declaration of Jesus as His Son, followed by Jesus’ genealogy.

Connections.
Following chapter 2, which concludes with Jesus as a twelve-year-old recognized as belonging to God’s house, chapter 3 resumes the narrative three decades later with the public unveiling of God’s salvation plan. John’s ministry serves as the hinge between the old covenant expectation and the arrival of the promised Christ, which chapter 4 will take up in the account of Jesus’ temptation and inaugural mission. This chapter bridges the infancy and growth of Jesus with the launch of his redemptive work, grounding his identity both historically and theologically.

What it teaches.
True repentance bears moral fruit and cannot rely on ethnic or religious privilege, for God demands inward transformation and is able to raise up children to Abraham from stones (WCF 15.3; HC LD 33). John’s baptism prepares the way for Christ, who alone possesses divine authority to baptize with the Holy Spirit and execute final judgment (WCF 8.6; CD V.14). At Jesus’ baptism, the Trinity is manifest: the Father speaks, the Son is anointed, and the Spirit descends, confirming Jesus as the beloved Son, the fulfillment of divine promise (WCF 8.2; LC Q.47). His genealogy presents him as the son of Adam and Son of God, emphasizing his role as the federal head of a renewed humanity (WCF 7.2; HC LD 9).

Apply.
Act justly, share what you have, and pursue integrity in your work, recognizing that every role is accountable to the coming Judge.

AI-generated. Not a substitute for Scripture, your pastor, or the confessions.